Gradient Explosion

Alice is a data science student at a top university. She has been working on a project to build a model that predicts student success. She uses a deep learning model to analyze past student performance data and predict how well current students will do.

Unfortunately, Alice has struggled to get her model to perform well. She has tried different techniques and hyperparameters, but nothing seems to work.

Alice is starting to think that her model suffers from the exploding gradient problem.

Which of the following techniques will make Alice's model more robust to the exploding gradient problem?